Class BallAerodynamics

java.lang.Object

org.episteme.social.sports.BallAerodynamics

public final class BallAerodynamics
extends Object

Models the aerodynamics of a spherical ball in flight, including Drag and Magnus effects. Modernized to use Quantity and Real for high-precision physical simulations.

Since:

1.0

Version:

1.2

Author:

Silvere Martin-Michiellot, Gemini AI (Google DeepMind)

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
static Quantity<Force>	calculateDragForce(Quantity<MassDensity> rho, Quantity<Length> radius, Quantity<Velocity> velocity, Real cd)	Calculates the Aerodynamic Drag Force.
static Quantity<Force>	calculateMagnusForce(Quantity<MassDensity> rho, Quantity<Length> radius, Quantity<Velocity> velocity, Quantity<Frequency> spin)	Calculates the Magnus Force (lift/swerve) on a spinning ball.
static Quantity<?>[]	projectImpact(Quantity<Length>[] pos, Quantity<Velocity>[] vel, Quantity<Frequency> spin, Quantity<Time> dt)	Projects the impact point of a ball over a short time step `dt`.

Methods inherited from class Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Method Details

calculateMagnusForce

public static Quantity<Force> calculateMagnusForce(Quantity<MassDensity> rho,
 Quantity<Length> radius,
 Quantity<Velocity> velocity,
 Quantity<Frequency> spin)

Calculates the Magnus Force (lift/swerve) on a spinning ball. Formula: Fm = 0.5 * Cl * rho * A * (r * omega) * v

Parameters:

rho - Air density

radius - Ball radius

velocity - Ball velocity

spin - Spin rate (frequency)

Returns:

The Magnus force

calculateDragForce

public static Quantity<Force> calculateDragForce(Quantity<MassDensity> rho,
 Quantity<Length> radius,
 Quantity<Velocity> velocity,
 Real cd)

Calculates the Aerodynamic Drag Force. Formula: Fd = 0.5 * Cd * rho * A * v^2

Parameters:

rho - Air density

radius - Ball radius

velocity - Ball velocity

cd - Drag Coefficient (dimensionless)

Returns:

The Drag force

projectImpact

public static Quantity<?>[] projectImpact(Quantity<Length>[] pos,
 Quantity<Velocity>[] vel,
 Quantity<Frequency> spin,
 Quantity<Time> dt)

Projects the impact point of a ball over a short time step `dt`.

Parameters:

pos - Current position [x, y]

vel - Current velocity [vx, vy]

spin - Spin rate

dt - Time step

Returns:

A 4-element array: [newX, newY, newVx, newVy]